Plasma IL-4 and IL-6 as Differential Biomarkers for Asthma and COPD in Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study of 84 patients
L'IL‑4 et L'IL‑6 Comme Biomarqueurs Différentiels de l'Asthme et de la BPCO au Cameroun : Une Etude Transversale de 84 Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67260/hra.v4i8.7911Keywords:
Asthma, COPD, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-6, Inflammatory biomarkersAbstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction. The Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are key cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, their diagnostic utility has not been fully characterized in resource-constrained settings. The aim of this study was to assess the plasma levels of IL-4 and IL-6 in patients with asthma and COPD compared to controls, and to evaluate their potential as complementary and differential diagnostic biomarkers. Material and Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study at Yaoundé Jamot Hospital, Cameroon. Eighty-four participants were enrolled. We quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) the plasma concentrations of IL-4 and IL-6. Results. We recruited 84 participants comprising 54 men and 30 women with mean age of 41.83 ± 21.2 years. The IL-4 and IL-6 were significantly elevated in both asthmatic and COPD patients compare to controls (p<0.0001). The concentration of IL-4 was significantly higher in asthma patients than in COPD subjects (mean 17.49 vs 3.971pg/mL), while IL-6 was markedly higher in COPD than in asthma patients (mean 1.69 vs. 0.95 pg/mL; p<0.0001). We did not found any significant correlation between IL-4 and IL-6 within either disease group. Conclusion. The IL-4 appears predominantly associated with asthma pathogenesis, while IL-6 is more closely linked to COPD. These cytokines may improve differential diagnosis when combined with spirometry.
RESUME
Introduction. L’interleukine-4 (IL-4) et l’interleukine-6 (IL-6) sont des cytokines clés impliquées dans la pathogenèse de l’asthme et de la bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO). Cependant, leur utilité diagnostique n’a pas encore été pleinement caractérisée dans les contextes aux ressources limitées. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer les taux plasmatiques d'IL-4 et d'IL-6 chez des patients atteints d'asthme et de BPCO par rapport à un groupe témoin, et d'évaluer leur potentiel en tant que biomarqueurs diagnostiques complémentaires et différentiels. Matériel et méthodes. Nous avons mené une étude transversale à l'hôpital Jamot de Yaoundé, au Cameroun. Quatre-vingt-quatre participants ont été recrutés. Nous avons quantifié les concentrations plasmatiques d’IL-4 et d’IL-6 par dosage immuno-enzymatique (ELISA). Résultats. Nous avons recruté 84 participants, dont 54 hommes et 30 femmes, dont l'âge moyen était de 41,83 ± 21,2 ans. Les taux d'IL-4 et d'IL-6 étaient significativement plus élevés chez les patients asthmatiques et ceux atteints de BPCO que chez les témoins (p < 0,0001). La concentration d’IL-4 était significativement plus élevée chez les patients asthmatiques que chez les sujets atteints de BPCO (moyenne de 17,49 contre 3,971 pg/mL), tandis que celle d’IL-6 était nettement plus élevée chez les patients atteints de BPCO que chez les patients asthmatiques (moyenne de 1,69 contre 0,95 pg/mL ; p < 0,0001). Nous n’avons pas mis en évidence de corrélation significative entre l’IL-4 et l’IL-6 au sein de l’un ou l’autre groupe de maladies. Conclusion. L’IL-4 semble principalement associée à la pathogenèse de l’asthme, tandis que l’IL-6 est plus étroitement liée à la BPCO. Ces cytokines pourraient améliorer le diagnostic différentiel lorsqu’elles sont associées à la spirométrie.
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Copyright (c) 2026 George Mondinde Ikomey, Nana Lionel Hassan, Emilia Lyonga, Essomba Rene, Guiedem Elise, Gilbert Justin Essomba Zanga, Ebot mfoataw Nchemti, Yayah Emerencia Ngah, Francois-Xavier Mbopi- Keou

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