Delivery Outcomes among Adolescent Girls in Garoua, Northern Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study of 604 Cases
Issues de L’accouchement Chez les Adolescentes À Garoua, Nord-Cameroun : Étude Transversale de 604 cas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20399239%20Keywords:
Adolescent delivery, eclampsia, neonatal asphyxia, perinatal mortality, caesarean section, CameroonAbstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Adolescent delivery is associated with high risks of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Anatomical immaturity, inadequate antenatal follow-up, and socio-economic vulnerability amplify these risks in low-income countries. This study aimed to characterize the mode of delivery, maternal complications, and fetal and neonatal outcomes of deliveries among adolescents in Garoua, Cameroon. Methods. Cross-sectional descriptive study with retrospective data collection from January to December 2023 in 8 health facilities in Garoua. All parturients aged 10–19 years were included. Variables included mode of delivery, maternal complications, maternal death, Apgar score, birth weight, neonatal referral, and perinatal prognosis. Data were analyzed with EPI INFO version 3.5.3. Results. 993 adolescent deliveries were recorded out of 3,031 total (32.76%), of which 604 complete files were analyzed. Vaginal delivery accounted for 84.60% and caesarean section for 15.40%. Traumatic complications occurred in 19.04%: vaginal tears (14.40%), cervico-vaginal tears (9.60%), cervical tears (7.45%), and uterine rupture (2.15%). Post-partum anemia was the commonest complication (19.37%). Maternal deaths occurred in 3.31%, with eclampsia as the leading cause (50%). Perinatal mortality was 9.27%; neonatal asphyxia was the main cause of neonatal death (48.23%). Conclusion. Adolescent delivery in Garoua carries a heavy burden of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Strengthening antenatal care, improving intrapartum surveillance, training obstetrical teams, and preventing early marriage are the pillars of an effective response.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L'accouchement chez l'adolescente est associé à des risques élevés de morbidité et de mortalité maternelle et fœtale. L'immaturité anatomique, le suivi prénatal insuffisant et la vulnérabilité socio-économique amplifient ces risques dans les pays à faibles revenus. Cette étude visait à caractériser le mode d'accouchement, les complications maternelles ainsi que les issues fœtales et néonatales des accouchements chez les adolescentes à Garoua, au Cameroun. Méthodes. Étude descriptive transversale avec collecte rétrospective des données de janvier à décembre 2023 dans 8 formations sanitaires de Garoua. Toutes les parturientes âgées de 10 à 19 ans ont été incluses. Les variables étudiées comprenaient le mode d'accouchement, les complications maternelles, le décès maternel, le score d'Apgar, le poids de naissance, le transfert en néonatologie et le pronostic périnatal. Les données ont été analysées avec EPI INFO version 3.5.3. Résultats. 993 accouchements d'adolescentes ont été enregistrés sur 3 031 accouchements au total (32,76 %), dont 604 dossiers complets ont été analysés. L'accouchement par voie basse représentait 84,60 % des cas et la césarienne 15,40 %. Des complications traumatiques sont survenues dans 19,04 % des cas : déchirures vaginales (14,40 %), déchirures cervico-vaginales (9,60 %), déchirures cervicales (7,45 %) et rupture utérine (2,15 %). L'anémie du post-partum était la complication la plus fréquente (19,37 %). Les décès maternels sont survenus dans 3,31 % des cas, l'éclampsie en étant la principale cause (50 %). La mortalité périnatale était de 9,27 % ; l'asphyxie néonatale constituait la principale cause de décès néonatal (48,23 %). Conclusion. L'accouchement chez l'adolescente à Garoua représente une lourde charge de morbidité et de mortalité maternelles et néonatales. Le renforcement de la surveillance prénatale, l'amélioration de la surveillance intrapartum, la formation des équipes obstétricales et la prévention du mariage précoce constituent les piliers d'une réponse efficace.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Inna Rakya, Jules Anthony Mbarga, Chantal Didjo’o, Clovis Ourthching, Salamatou Souley, Aoudi Stéphane, Ache Isseini, Bayero Khadidja, Émile Télesphore Mboudou

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