Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on STIs Among 194 High School Students in Yaoundé: A Descriptive Cross‑Sectional Study
Connaissances, Attitudes et Pratiques Relatives aux Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles chez les Élèves d’un Lycée de Yaoundé : Une Étude Transversale Descriptive
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20311708Keywords:
sexually transmitted infections, adolescents, knowledge, attitudes, risky sexual behaviorsAbstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Les infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST) sont répandues dans le monde entier, en particulier dans les pays en voie de développement avec un nombre cas d’environ 289,17 millions en 2021. Au Cameroun, la prévalence VIH était de 2,7% en 2024. Plus d’un million de nouveaux cas d’IST sont répertoriés chaque jour chez les 15-49 ans. Cette étude avait pour but d’évaluer les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des adolescents sur le sujet. Méthode. Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive menée de Mars à Mai 2024 dans la ville de Yaoundé. Nous avons inclus les élèves d’au moins 13 ans d’un lycée après consentement du proviseur et des parents. Les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques étaient évaluées grâce à un questionnaire. Un échantillonnage consécutif, exhaustif et non probabiliste a été réalisé. L’analyse des données recueillies a été faite grâce au tableur Excel (Microsoft Office) et au logiciel SPSS version 21.0. Résultats. Au total, 194 élèves ont été enrôlés avec une prédominance féminine. La tranche d’âge la plus représentée était celle des 13 et 15 ans (48, (5%) ; 53,8% des participants avaient déjà entendu parler des IST grâce aux réseaux sociaux. Le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine avait été cité comme IST par 42,1% des élèves suivi de la gonococcie (16,2%) et de la syphilis (14,2%). La majorité des élèves (54,6%) ignoraient les symptômes d’IST. Le symptôme le plus connu était l’écoulement génital (21,6%). Le taux d’activité sexuelle était de 17,5% avec une faible utilisation de préservatifs. Sur les vingt et deux (22) élèves ayant un antécédent d’IST, seulement 15 avaient eu recours à un dépistage volontaire ou orienté lors de l’épisode infectieux. Conclusion. Cette étude met en évidence une sensibilisation importante des lycéens aux IST, principalement centrée sur le VIH mais elle révèle des insuffisances concernant leurs manifestations cliniques. Le renforcement de l’éducation sexuelle complète en milieu scolaire et l’amélioration de l’accès au dépistage apparaissent nécessaires pour réduire les comportements sexuels à risque chez les adolescents.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are widespread worldwide, particularly in developing countries, with approximately 289.17 million cases reported in 2021. In Cameroon, HIV prevalence was 2.7% in 2024. More than one million new cases of STIs are reported daily among people aged 15–49. The aim of this study was to assess adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding this topic. Method. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from March to May 2024 in the city of Yaoundé. We included students aged 13 and older from a high school after obtaining consent from the principal and parents. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices were assessed using a questionnaire. A consecutive, exhaustive, and non-probability sampling method was used. The collected data were analyzed using Excel (Microsoft Office) and SPSS version 21.0. Results. 194 students were enrolled, with a predominance of females. The most represented age group was 13–15 years old (48.5%); 53.8% of the participants had already heard about STIs through social media. Human immunodeficiency virus was cited as an STI by 42.1% of students, followed by gonorrhea (16.2%) and syphilis (14.2%). The majority of students (54.6%) were unaware of the symptoms of STIs. The most commonly known symptom was genital discharge (21.6%). The rate of sexual activity was 17.5%, with low condom use. Of the twenty-two (22) students with a history of STIs, only 15 had undergone voluntary or referral-based testing during the infectious episode. Conclusion. This study highlights that high school students are well-informed about STIs, with a focus primarily on HIV, but it also reveals gaps in their understanding of the clinical manifestations of these infections. Strengthening comprehensive sex education in schools and improving access to testing appear necessary to reduce risky sexual behavior among adolescents.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Nkoro Grâce Anita, Tsala Antoinette Ghislaine, Chiago Sonia, Ebongo Christelle, Choaken Grace, Ngaoundéré Aminatou, Fadimatou Mamoudou, Chatue Noella, Ngoula Zeck Carine Estelle, Bagdaban Adèle Letysia, Kouotou Emmanuel Armand

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