Epidemiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Data About Acute Kush Drug Intoxication in Conakry: A Report of 112 Cases
Intoxication Aiguë au Stupéfiant KUSH à Conakry : Aspects Épidémiologiques, Cliniques et Thérapeutiques à Propos de 112 Cas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20213531Keywords:
Acute intoxication, Synthetic cannabinoids, KUSH, Conakry, GuineaAbstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Depuis 2022, la Guinée connaît une épidémie émergente d’intoxications aiguës liées au Kush, un stupéfiant de synthèse. Les services d’urgence de Conakry enregistrent une hausse des admissions, sans que le profil clinique et épidémiologique ait été décrit. Nous avons mené cette étude pour décrire les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques des intoxications aiguës au Kush chez les patients admis aux urgences du CHU Ignace Deen de Conakry. Méthodes. Nous avons réalisé une étude transversale descriptive du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 2024. Étaient inclus tous les patients admis pour intoxication aiguë au Kush, avec consommation récente et au moins un signe du toxidrome local (sensation de chute de la langue, hypersialorrhée, trouble de conscience, agitation ou détresse respiratoire), après consentement éclairé. Nous avons recueilli les données épidémiologiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques sur une fiche standardisée, puis procédé à une analyse descriptive (Epi Info 7.1.3.3). Résultats. Sur 3 142 admissions, 112 cas d’intoxication au Kush ont été identifiés (fréquence 3,56 %). Les patients étaient majoritairement des hommes (92/112, 82,1 %) et âgés de 20 à 29 ans (69/112, 61,6 %). Les pêcheurs (38/112, 33,9 %) et les sans‑emploi (28/112, 25,0 %) constituaient les groupes socioprofessionnels les plus représentés. La commune de Kaloum concentrait 49,1 % des cas (55/112). Les signes cliniques les plus fréquents étaient la sensation de chute de la langue (72/112, 64,3 %), l’hypersialorrhée (61/112, 54,5 %) et l’agitation psychomotrice (54/112, 48,2 %). La prise en charge reposait sur les solutés intraveineux (sérum salé 85,7 %, Ringer lactate 78,6 %), le diazépam (62/112, 55,4 %) et la dexaméthasone (51/112, 45,5 %). Conclusion. L’intoxication aiguë au Kush représente une urgence médicale émergente et un problème majeur de santé publique à Conakry. Des mesures urgentes de prévention, de régulation et de sensibilisation communautaire s’imposent.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Since 2022, Guinea has faced an emerging epidemic of acute poisonings linked to Kush, a synthetic drug. Emergency departments in Conakry report rising admissions, yet the clinical and epidemiological profile remains undescribed. We conducted this study to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of acute Kush poisoning among patients admitted to the emergency department of Ignace Deen University Hospital, Conakry. Methods. We performed a descriptive cross‑sectional study from January 1 to December 31, 2024. We included all patients admitted for acute Kush poisoning with recent use and at least one sign of the local toxidrome (sensation of tongue falling, hypersialorrhea, impaired consciousness, agitation, or respiratory distress) after written informed consent. We collected epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic data using a standardized form and performed descriptive analysis (Epi Info 7.1.3.3). Results. Among 3,142 admissions, we identified 112 cases of acute Kush poisoning (frequency 3.56%). Patients were predominantly male (92/112, 82.1%) and aged 20–29 years (69/112, 61.6%). Fishermen (38/112, 33.9%) and unemployed individuals (28/112, 25.0%) were the most represented occupational groups. Kaloum district accounted for 49.1% of cases (55/112). The most common clinical signs were sensation of tongue falling (72/112, 64.3%), hypersialorrhea (61/112, 54.5%), and psychomotor agitation (54/112, 48.2%). Management relied on intravenous fluids (saline 85.7%, Ringer’s lactate 78.6%), diazepam (62/112, 55.4%), and dexamethasone (51/112, 45.5%). Conclusion. Acute Kush poisoning is an emerging medical emergency and a major public health problem in Conakry. Urgent prevention, regulation, and community awareness measures are needed.
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