Burnout and Academic Performance Among Higher Education Teachers in Mali: A Case Analysis in Two Institutions
Épuisement Professionnel et Performance Académique Chez Les Enseignants de L'enseignement Supérieur au Mali : Une Analyse de Cas dans Deux Institutions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20113147Keywords:
Burnout, Higher education, Academic performanceAbstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Teacher burnout in higher education, defined by emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DEP), and reduced personal accomplishment (PA), is a recognized occupational risk with negative impacts on teaching quality and academic performance. In Mali, systemic pressures such as security crises, resource shortages, and workload intensification exacerbate this phenomenon. The aim was to assess the prevalence and interrelations of burnout dimensions among faculty at INFSS and INFTS and explore implications for academic performance. Method. A quantitative, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted among 110 faculty members (both full-time and part-time) from the two institutions. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics and the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Educators Survey (MBI-ES). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0, including descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results. EE and DEP levels were generally moderate, with a subset presenting high scores. Approximately 25% of respondents reported low PA. Significant correlations were observed: EE–DEP positive; EE–PA and DEP–PA negative, consistent with Maslach's theoretical model. Conclusion. Even moderate burnout poses risks to teaching quality and student success. Institutional interventions, workload regulation, social support, participatory leadership, and mental health programs are urgently needed. Longitudinal studies and intervention trials are recommended.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Le burn-out des enseignants du supérieur, défini par l’épuisement émotionnel (EE), la dépersonnalisation (DEP) et la diminution de l’accomplissement personnel (AP), constitue un risque professionnel reconnu ayant des effets négatifs sur la qualité de l’enseignement et les performances académiques. Au Mali, des pressions systémiques telles que la crise sécuritaire, le manque de ressources et l’intensification de la charge de travail aggravent ce phénomène. L’objectifs visant à Évaluer la prévalence et les interrelations des dimensions du burn-out chez les enseignants de l’INFSS et de l’INFTS, et analyser leurs implications sur la performance académique. Méthodes. Une étude quantitative, descriptive et analytique a été menée auprès de 110 enseignants (permanents et vacataires) des deux institutions. Les données ont été recueillies à l’aide d’un questionnaire auto-administré comprenant les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et le Maslach Burnout Inventory – Educators Survey (MBI ES). Les analyses statistiques ont été réalisées avec SPSS 26.0, incluant des statistiques descriptives et des corrélations de Pearson, avec un seuil de signification fixé à p < 0,05. Résultats. Les niveaux d’EE et de DEP étaient globalement modérés, avec une proportion d’enseignants présentant des scores élevés. Environ 25 % des répondants déclaraient un faible AP. Des corrélations significatives ont été observées : EE–DEP positive ; EE–AP et DEP–AP négatives, en conformité avec le modèle théorique de Maslach. Conclusion. Même à des niveaux modérés, le burn-out représente un risque pour la qualité de l’enseignement et la réussite étudiante. Des interventions institutionnelles—régulation de la charge de travail, renforcement du soutien social, leadership participatif et dispositifs de santé mentale—s’avèrent urgentes. Des études longitudinales et des essais d’interventions sont recommandés.
References
1. Madigan DJ, Kim LE. Does teacher burnout affect students? A systematic review of its association with academic achievement and student reported outcomes. Int J Educ Res. 2021; 105:101714. doi: 10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101714
2. Deep PD, Ghosh N, Chen Y. Faculty burnout in higher education: Effects on student engagement, learning outcomes, and artificial intelligence driven institutional responses. J Educ Dev Psychol. 2025;15(1):28–40. doi:10.5539/jedp.v15n1p29
3. Hussein SH, Kavlu A, Surji AL, Surji HK. University teachers’ burnout levels measured by Maslach Burnout Inventory. Int J Soc Sci Educ Stud. 2024;12(1):111–27. doi:10.23918/ijsses. v12i1p111
4. Cadena Povea H, Hernández Martínez M, Bastidas Amador G, Torres Andrade H. What pushes university professors to burnout? A systematic review of sociodemographic and psychosocial determinants. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025;22(8):1214. doi:10.3390/ijerph22081214
5. Pakdee S, Cheechang P, Thammanoon R, Krobpet S, Piya amornphan N, Puangsri P, et al. Burnout and wellbeing among higher education teachers: influencing factors of burnout. BMC Public Health. 2025; 25:1409. doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22602-w
6. Azmeraw E, Halimani L, Kissakye V, Moritani K, Njora H, Wodon Q; UNESCO IICBA. Burnout and the importance of mental health and psychosocial support for teachers in Africa. Addis Ababa: UNESCO International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa; 2024. (Knowledge Brief No. 2024 3).
7. Simeni Njonnou SR, Homb Kemekong VM, Dongmo Demanou MC, Mbongo’o Nko’o GC, Kemta Lekpa F, Ngongang Ouankou C, et al. Prevalence and determinants of burnout among staff of the University of Dschang: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2025;25:24559. doi:10.1186/s12889-025-24559-2
8. Abraham V, Meyer JC, Mokwena KE, Duncan E. Workplace mental health status among academic staff: psychological distress, burnout, and organisational culture at a South African university. Behav Sci. 2025;15(10):1410. doi:10.3390/bs15101410
9. Fentahun S, Rtbey G, Nakie G, Andualem F, Tinsae T, Kibralew G, et al. Burden of perceived stress among university students in Africa: a systematic review and meta analysis. BMC Public Health. 2025; 25:2248. doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23533-2
10. Ike OA, Kwarteng MA, Ogbonna G, dos Santos IB, Ogiemudia OM, Anyasodor AE, et al. Cross-national variations in mental health: a cross-sectional study on depression, anxiety, and stress among university staff and students in sub Saharan Africa. PLoS One. 2025;20(6):e0322163. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0322163
11. World Bank. Mali: Higher education sector report – challenges of massification and quality. Washington (DC): World Bank; 2014.
12. Hayat A. Analyse sectorielle de l’enseignement supérieur au Mali. Africa; 2024.
13. Nounga Nyanke FL. Burn out among health workers in a Covid 19 unit at CHU Hôpital du Mali. 2021.
14. Sidibé M, et al. Burn out in medical residents in Mali: prevalence and associated factors. 2023.
15. Entsie Y, et al. Burn out and mental health among higher education teachers in Ghana. 2025.
16. Ngobe U. Burn out among university teachers in Nigeria: prevalence and impacts. 2023.
17. Bocéréan C, Dupret E, Feltrin J. Validation of the French language MBI GS: convergent validity and internal consistency. 2019.
18. Lheureux A, et al. Psychometric analysis of the MBI HSS French version: wording effects. 2017.
19. Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS). Recommandations MBI: guidance on use and interpretation. Paris: INRS; 2011–2012.
20. Anthology. White paper: addressing faculty burnout and invisible work in higher education. 2025.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Momo Traore, Ghislain Poda, Hawa Gouro Diall, Zakaria Yaou Kaka

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work













