Déterminants de la Mortalité Hospitalière Par Embolie Pulmonaire Aiguë à Yaoundé : Une Étude Transversale Multicentrique : Determinants of in-Hospital Mortality from Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Yaounde: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Reference Hospitals

Valérie Ndobo; Luc Espoir Essomba Medjo; Abdou Nsounfon; Amalia Owona; Guillaume Ebene Manon; Absetou Rayé; Alain Patrick Menanga; Sylvie Ndongo; Liliane Mfeukeu Kuate

doi:10.5281/zenodo.19635516

Authors

Valérie Ndobo 1. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Luc Espoir Essomba Medjo 1. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Abdou Nsounfon 1. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Amalia Owona 1. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Guillaume Ebene Manon 1. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Absetou Rayé 2. Cardiology Unit, Central Hospital of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Alain Patrick Menanga 1. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Sylvie Ndongo 1. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Liliane Mfeukeu Kuate 1. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19635516

Keywords:

Pulmonary embolism, in-hospital mortality, associated factors, Cameroon

Abstract

RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L’embolie pulmonaire (EP) est une urgence cardiovasculaire fréquente et potentiellement létale. Dans les pays à revenu intermédiaire comme le Cameroun, le retard diagnostique, l’accès limité à l’imagerie et la disponibilité inégale des traitements peuvent aggraver le pronostic. L’objectif de notre étude était d’identifier les facteurs associés à la mortalité intrahospitalière chez les patients hospitalisés pour embolie pulmonaire aiguë dans trois hôpitaux de référence de la ville de Yaoundé. Méthodologie. Nous avons conduit une étude transversale analytique à collecte rétrospective, menée dans les services de cardiologie de l’Hôpital Central de Yaoundé, du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Yaoundé et de l’Hôpital Général de Yaoundé. Les dossiers de patients hospitalisés pour EP confirmée à l’imagerie entre janvier 2019 et janvier 2024 ont été analysés. Les données ont été recueillies à l’aide d’une fiche standardisée puis traitées avec SPSS 27.0. Résultats. Cinquante-quatre patients ont été inclus. L’âge moyen était de 59,41 ± 17,46 ans, avec une majorité de patients âgés de plus de 60 ans. La prévalence hospitalière de l’EP était de 7,5 %, la mortalité intra-hospitalière de 48 %. La prise en charge reposait principalement sur l’Héparine de Bas Poids Moléculaire (Enoxaparine). La dysfonction du ventricule droit était indépendamment associée à la mortalité intrahospitalière (aOR = 22,38 ; IC95% : 1,40–357,12 ; p = 0,028). Conclusion. Le taux de mortalité chez les patients ayant eu une EP dans cette étude était élevé. La dysfonction du ventricule droit apparaissait comme le principal facteur associé à cette de mortalité intra-hospitalière.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common and potentially life-threatening cardiovascular emergency. In middle-income countries such as Cameroon, delayed diagnosis, limited access to imaging, and unequal availability of treatment may worsen prognosis. The aim of our study was to identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality among patients hospitalized for acute pulmonary embolism in three referral hospitals in the city of Yaoundé. Methodology. We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection in the cardiology departments of Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, and Yaoundé General Hospital. Medical records of patients hospitalized for imaging-confirmed PE between January 2019 and January 2024 were reviewed. Data were collected using a standardized form and analyzed with SPSS version 27.0. Results. Fifty-four patients were included. The mean age was 59.41 ± 17.46 years, with a majority of patients aged over 60 years. The hospital prevalence of PE was 7.5%, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 48%. Management was mainly based on enoxaparin. Right ventricular dysfunction was independently associated with in-hospital mortality (aOR = 22.38; 95% CI: 1.40–357.12; p = 0.028). Conclusion. The mortality rate among patients with PE in this study was high. Right ventricular dysfunction appeared to be the main factor associated with in-hospital mortality.

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Determinants of in-Hospital Mortality from Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Yaounde: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Reference Hospitals