Hematological Abnormalities in Dengue in Burkina Faso: A Retrospective Cross‑Sectional Hospital Based Study
Anomalies Hématologiques de la Dengue au Burkina Faso : Une Étude Transversale Rétrospective en Milieu Hospitalier à Ouagadougou
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19607737Keywords:
dengue, arbovirosis, complete blood count, YalgadoAbstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Les perturbations hématologiques sont fréquentes au cours de la dengue, mais leurs facteurs associés à la sévérité sont mal documentés au Burkina Faso. Cette étude a déterminé les anomalies de l’hémogramme à l’admission et identifié celles associées à la dengue sévère chez les patients hospitalisés au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo (CHU-YO). Méthodes. Une étude transversale rétrospective a inclus, du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 2023, tous les cas probables de dengue (test de diagnostic rapide positif) ayant bénéficié d’un hémogramme à l’admission. Les anomalies des trois lignées sanguines ont été analysées. Une régression logistique binaire a identifié les facteurs indépendamment associés à la dengue sévère (seuil de signification p < 0,05). Résultats. Sur 328 patients (âge médian 31 ans, 58,5 % d’hommes), les anomalies les plus fréquentes étaient : hyperleucocytose (30,5 %), leucopénie (24,7 %), anémie modérée (45,1 %), anémie sévère (13,7 %), hémoconcentration (25,9 %), thrombopénie légère à modérée (39,9 %) et thrombopénie sévère (29,9 %). En analyse multivariée, la lymphopénie était protectrice (ORa = 0,50 ; IC95 % : 0,28–0,88), tandis que la monocytose (ORa = 2,85 ; 1,29–6,30), l’anémie sévère (ORa = 5,48 ; 2,01–14,94) et la thrombopénie sévère (ORa = 4,54 ; 2,33–8,81) étaient des facteurs de risque indépendants de dengue sévère. Conclusion. Les anomalies hématologiques sont très fréquentes au cours de la dengue à Ouagadougou. Une monocytose, une anémie sévère ou une thrombopénie sévère doivent alerter sur une forme sévère, tandis qu’une lymphopénie semble protectrice. La réalisation précoce et le suivi de l’hémogramme sont indispensables pour la prise en charge.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Hematological abnormalities are common in dengue, but their association with severity is poorly documented in Burkina Faso. This study determined complete blood count (CBC) abnormalities at admission and identified those associated with severe dengue in hospitalized patients at Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital (CHU-YO). Methods. A retrospective cross‑sectional study included, from January 1 to December 31, 2023, all probable dengue cases (positive rapid diagnostic test) who had a CBC at admission. Abnormalities of the three blood cell lines were analyzed. Binary logistic regression identified factors independently associated with severe dengue (significance level p < 0.05). Results. Among 328 patients (median age 31 years, 58.5% male), the most frequent abnormalities were: leukocytosis (30.5%), leukopenia (24.7%), moderate anemia (45.1%), severe anemia (13.7%), hemoconcentration (25.9%), mild to moderate thrombocytopenia (39.9%), and severe thrombocytopenia (29.9%). In multivariate analysis, lymphopenia was protective (aOR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28–0.88), while monocytosis (aOR = 2.85; 1.29–6.30), severe anemia (aOR = 5.48; 2.01–14.94), and severe thrombocytopenia (aOR = 4.54; 2.33–8.81) were independent risk factors for severe dengue. Conclusion. Hematological abnormalities are very frequent in dengue in Ouagadougou. Monocytosis, severe anemia, or severe thrombocytopenia should raise suspicion of severe dengue, while lymphopenia appears protective. Early CBC and monitoring are essential for patient management.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Salamata Sanfo, Abdoul Gafourou Arsène Ouédraogo, Arouna Gnamou, Myriam Nikièma, Isabelle Kagambèga, Mikaila kabore, Julienne Ouédraogo, Zémané Guélilou, Annette T Ouédraogo, Abdoulaye Sawadogo, Hamadé Zonon, Yacouba Sore, Ismaël Diallo, Mamoudou Savadogo, Apoline K Sondo
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