Obstetric Fistula in Bouake: Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Data
Les Fistules Obstétricales à Bouaké : Données Épidémiologiques, Cliniques et Thérapeutiques
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19635143Keywords:
Obstetric fistula, dystocic labor, Ivory Coast, FistulorrhaphyAbstract
RESUME
Introduction. En Côte d’Ivoire, l’on enregistre plus de 250 nouveaux cas de fistules obstétricales chaque année. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer la prise en charge des fistules obstétricales au service de gynécologie-obstétrique du CHU de Bouaké. Patients et Méthodes. Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective à visée descriptive sur une période de 7 ans allant du 1er janvier 2014 au 31décembre 2020 portant sur les malades opérées dans le service de gynécologie-obstétrique du CHU de Bouaké au cours des caravanes opératoires fistules. Résultats. Quarante-sept patientes ont été colligées. L'âge moyen était de 33 ans (extrêmes : 16 – 69 ans). Les patientes étaient majoritairement mariées (39,5 %), mariées avant l'âge de 20 ans (79 %), analphabètes (74 %), cultivatrices (42,4 %) et résidant en zone rurale (63,8 %). L'accouchement causal s'était déroulé dans une structure de santé (89,5 %), par césarienne (64,3 %). Plus de la moitié des patientes (51 %) avaient parcouru plus de 15 km pour accéder aux soins. Le taux de mortalité néonatale était de 81,9 % (nouveau-nés mort-nés). La durée moyenne d'évolution de la fistule avant prise en charge était de 7 ans (extrêmes : 1 mois – 39 ans). Les fistules étaient principalement vésico-vaginales (86,2 %), uniques (96,2 %), de type I (71,1 %) et de petite taille (47,6 %). La fistulographie selon la technique de Latzko a été l'intervention la plus pratiquée (91,4 %). Le taux global de succès était de 77,6 %. Conclusion. La fistule obstétricale est une affection invalidante touchant les femmes jeunes, sans niveau d'instruction, vivant en zone rurale. Le traitement donne des résultats satisfaisants, mais la prévention reste essentielle.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. In Côte d’Ivoire, more than 250 new cases of obstetric fistula are recorded each year. The aim of this study was to evaluate the management of obstetric fistula in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Bouaké University Hospital. Patients and Methods. This was a retrospective descriptive study covering a seven-year period from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2020, focusing on patients who underwent surgery in the gynaecology and obstetrics department of Bouaké University Hospital during the fistula surgical outreach programmes. Results. Forty-seven patients were included. The mean age was 33 years (range: 16–69 years). The majority of patients were married (39.5%), married before the age of 20 (79%), illiterate (74%), farmers (42.4%) and living in rural areas (63.8%). The causative delivery had taken place in a healthcare facility (89.5%), by caesarean section (64.3%). More than half of the patients (51%) had travelled more than 15 km to access care. The neonatal mortality rate was 81.9% (stillborn infants). The average duration of the fistula prior to treatment was 7 years (range: 1 month – 39 years). The fistulas were mainly vesico-vaginal (86.2%), single (96.2%), type I (71.1%) and small in size (47.6%). Fistulography using the Latzko technique was the most commonly performed procedure (91.4%). The overall success rate was 77.6%. Conclusion. Obstetric fistula is a debilitating condition affecting young, uneducated women living in rural areas. Treatment yields satisfactory results, but prevention remains essential.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Clausen MG, Boko DDE, Samake Y, Menin MBM, Kouadio KN, Camara S, Djanhan L, Doumbia Y

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