Clinical and Microbiological Features of Viral Conjunctivitis in Niamey: A Prospective Hospital Based Study Using PCR and Sequencing
Profils Cliniques et Microbiologiques des Conjonctivites Virales en Milieu Hospitalier à Niamey : Une Étude Prospective par PCR et Séquençage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19544075Keywords:
Viral conjunctivitis – Coronavirus – Adenovirus – PCR – NigerAbstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Les conjonctivites infectieuses sont fréquentes en Afrique, mais l’étiologie virale reste sous‑documentée au Niger. Cette étude avait pour objectif de décrire le profil clinique et microbiologique des conjonctivites virales à Niamey et d’identifier les virus en cause. Méthodes. Nous avons mené une étude descriptive prospective de décembre 2021 à mai 2022 dans six centres de santé de Niamey. Étaient inclus les patients présentant des signes de conjonctivite présumée infectieuse évoluant depuis moins de 14 jours, après exclusion des formes allergiques ou médicamenteuses et des refus de consentement. Des écouvillons conjonctivaux et nasaux ont été prélevés, conservés dans de l’ADN/ARN‑Shield à −80 °C, puis acheminés à l’Université de Californie à San Francisco pour séquençage. L’analyse a été réalisée par PCR. Résultats. Sur 62 patients inclus, 25 (40,3 %) présentaient une infection virale confirmée (14 hommes, 11 femmes ; sex‑ratio 1,27). L’âge moyen était de 30 ans. Les symptômes oculaires prédominants étaient la rougeur (44,0 %) et le larmoiement (17,9 %). Une toux (23 %), une rhinorrhée (16 %) ou un mal de gorge (7 %) étaient associés. Vingt‑et‑un pour cent des patients avaient eu un contact avec un cas similaire. Les virus à ARN représentaient 64 % des détections, dominés par les coronavirus humains (34 % des cas positifs, incluant HCoV‑229E, OC43, HKU1 et SARS‑CoV‑2), puis les rhinovirus, rubivirus, rotavirus et respirovirus. Les virus à ADN (36 %) comprenaient l’adénovirus humain et les herpèsvirus (cytomégalovirus, virus d’Epstein‑Barr, HHV‑8). Conclusion. Les conjonctivites virales à Niamey sont fréquentes (40 % des suspicions) et d’étiologie variée, dominée par les coronavirus humains. Le tableau clinique associe souvent des signes respiratoires. Le diagnostic moléculaire est indispensable pour orienter la prise en charge.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Infectious conjunctivitis is common in Africa, but viral etiology remains under‑documented in Niger. This study aimed to describe the clinical and microbiological profile of viral conjunctivitis in Niamey and identify the causative viruses. Methods. We conducted a prospective descriptive study from December 2021 to May 2022 in six health centers in Niamey. We included patients with signs of presumed infectious conjunctivitis lasting less than 14 days, excluding allergic or drug‑induced forms and those who refused consent. Conjunctival and nasal swabs were collected, stored in DNA/RNA‑Shield at −80 °C, then shipped to the University of California, San Francisco for sequencing. Analysis was performed by PCR. Results. Among 62 enrolled patients, 25 (40.3%) had confirmed viral infection (14 men, 11 women; sex ratio 1.27). Mean age was 30 years. Predominant ocular symptoms were redness (44.0%) and tearing (17.9%). Cough (23%), rhinorrhea (16%), or sore throat (7%) were associated. Twenty‑one percent of patients reported contact with a similar case. RNA viruses accounted for 64% of detections, dominated by human coronaviruses (34% of positive cases, including HCoV‑229E, OC43, HKU1, and SARS‑CoV‑2), followed by rhinoviruses, rubivirus, rotavirus, and respirovirus. DNA viruses (36%) included human adenovirus and herpesviruses (cytomegalovirus, Epstein‑Barr virus, HHV‑8). Conclusion. Viral conjunctivitis is frequent in Niamey (40% of suspected cases) with diverse etiologies, dominated by human coronaviruses. The clinical picture often includes respiratory symptoms. Molecular diagnosis is essential to guide management.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Nouhou Diori A, Abdourahmane Y, Abdou Moussa H, Malam Boulama MM, Abbda Kaka HY, Amza A

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