Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Pregnant Women in N'Djamena (Chad)
Prévalence Sérologique des IgG Anti-Toxoplasma gondii et Facteurs de Risque Associés chez les Femmes Enceintes à N'Djamena (Tchad)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19518960Keywords:
Seroprevalence, risk factors, toxoplasma gondi, pregnant womenAbstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Toxoplasma gondii is one of the main etiological agents of congenital malformations in the foetuses of infected mothers. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of this protozoan, as well as associated factors, in women attending antenatal clinics at the Mother and Child Hospital and the Union Hospital in N'Djaména. Patients and Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2023. After administration of a questionnaire, serum samples obtained from each volunteering participant were analysed using TOXO IgG ELISA kits for IgG antibodies. Values of p<0.05 and OR>1 were statistically significant at 95% CI. Results. Seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondi IgG was 72.22%. This prevalence was 84.61% in pregnant women in the age range of 15 to 20 years and 79.16% in women in their 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The associated risk factors were contact with a cat (OR = 1.2273; [0.4443; 3.39]), consumption of undercooked meat (OR = 1.1786; [0.4476; 3.103]), contact with the ground (OR = 1.5; [0.5755 ; 3.91]), place of residence (OR=1.0272 ; [0.3925; 2.688]), lack of knowledge of toxoplasmosis (OR=1.1613 ; [0.1151; 11.72]), level of education (p=0.0098), age (p=0.0098), marital status and profession (p=0.000062). Conclusion. Our study shows that T. gondii is actively circulating in Chad and infection is associated with various risk factors. It would be imperative to include diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in the monitoring of pregnant women in N'Djamena and ensure that they are aware of the risk factors.
RESUME
Introduction. Toxoplasma gondii est l'un des principaux agents étiologiques des malformations congénitales chez les fœtus de mères infectées. Cette étude visait à déterminer la séroprévalence de ce protozoaire, ainsi que les facteurs associés, chez les femmes fréquentant les consultations prénatales de l'Hôpital de la Mère et de l'Enfant et de l'Hôpital de l'Union à N'Djaména. Patients et méthodes. Cette étude transversale a été menée de juin à août 2023. Après administration d'un questionnaire, les échantillons de sérum prélevés sur chaque participante volontaire ont été analysés à l'aide de kits ELISA TOXO IgG pour la détection des anticorps IgG. Les valeurs de p < 0,05 et de OR > 1 étaient statistiquement significatives avec un IC à 95 %. Résultats. La séroprévalence des IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii était de 72,22 %. Cette prévalence était de 84,61 % chez les femmes enceintes âgées de 15 à 20 ans et de 79,16 % chez les femmes au troisième trimestre de leur grossesse. Les facteurs de risque associés étaient le contact avec un chat (RC = 1,2273 ; [0,4443 ; 3,39]), la consommation de viande insuffisamment cuite (OR = 1,1786 ; [0,4476 ; 3,103]), le contact avec le sol (OR = 1,5 ; [0,5755 ; 3,91]), le lieu de résidence (OR = 1,0272 ; [0,3925 ; 2,688]), la méconnaissance de la toxoplasmose (OR = 1,1613 ; [0,1151 ; 11,72]), le niveau d'éducation (p = 0,0098), l'âge (p = 0,0098), la situation matrimoniale et la profession (p = 0,000062). Conclusion. Notre étude montre que T. gondii circule activement au Tchad et que l'infection est associée à divers facteurs de risque. Il est impératif d'inclure le diagnostic de la toxoplasmose dans le suivi des femmes enceintes à N'Djamena et de s'assurer qu'elles sont informées des facteurs de risque.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Louise Stéphanie Makemgue, Basile Adjobma Limane, Serge Enama Eteme, Romeo Tankoua-Tchounda, Sabine Aimée Chamda Touangnou, Djoyalbaye Togyedji, Jean-Jacques Ka-dounia Alladoum, Jacky Njiki- Bikoï
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