Prevalence and Prognosis of Acute Kidney Injury in Cameroonian Intensive Care Units: A Retrospective Bicentric Study in Yaounde
Prévalence et Pronostic de l’Insuffisance Rénale Aiguë en Milieu de Réanimation Camerounaise : Une Étude Rétrospective Bicentrique à Yaoundé
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19358205Keywords:
Acute kidney injury, resuscitation, incidence, prognosis CameroonAbstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a dreaded complication in intensive care, but Cameroonian data remain scarce. This study describes the prevalence, clinical profile, and hospital outcomes of AKI in two adult intensive care units (ICUs) in Yaoundé. Methods. Our retrospective descriptive and analytical study included all patients over 18 years of age admitted to the ICUs between January 2020 and December 2021 who developed AKI (KDIGO criteria). Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results. Among 601 admissions, 125 patients had AKI (prevalence 20.8%). Mean age was 60.4 years (sex ratio 1.66). Coma was the main reason for admission (35.2%), and 54.4% of patients had at least two organ failures. AKI was organic in 59.2% of cases, and 56.8% of patients were KDIGO stage 3. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) was initiated in 28.8% of patients. Mortality was very high (69.6%), and only 24.8% of survivors recovered normal renal function by discharge. In bivariate analysis, female sex, presence of ≥ 2 organ failures, stage 3 AKI, need for mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, and RRT were associated with increased mortality. In multivariate analysis, neurological failure (OR = 3.84), mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.12), and stage 3 AKI (OR = 2.45) remained independently associated with death. Conclusion. AKI in Cameroonian ICUs affects one in five patients and is associated with a mortality rate of nearly 70%. Only one‑quarter of survivors recover normal renal function by discharge. Severity of renal injury and multiple organ failures are major prognostic factors.
RESUME
Introduction. L’insuffisance rénale aiguë (IRA) est une complication redoutable en réanimation, mais les données camerounaises restent limitées. Cette étude a décrit la prévalence, le profil clinique et l’évolution hospitalière de l’IRA dans deux unités de réanimation adulte de Yaoundé. Méthodes. Notre étude rétrospective descriptive et analytique a inclus tous les patients âgés de plus de 18 ans, admis en réanimation entre janvier 2020 et décembre 2021, et ayant présenté une IRA (critères KDIGO). Les données ont été analysées avec SPSS 22.0. Résultats. Sur 601 admissions, 125 patients présentaient une IRA (prévalence 20,8 %). L’âge moyen était de 60,4 ans (sex‑ratio 1,66). Le coma était le motif d’admission principal (35,2 %) et 54,4 % des patients avaient au moins deux défaillances viscérales. L’IRA était organique dans 59,2 % des cas, et 56,8 % des patients étaient au stade 3 KDIGO. Une épuration extrarénale a été initiée chez 28,8 % des patients. La mortalité était très élevée (69,6 %) et seulement 24,8 % des survivants ont récupéré une fonction rénale normale à la sortie. En analyse bivariée, le sexe féminin, la présence de ≥ 2 défaillances viscérales, le stade 3 de l’IRA, le recours à la ventilation mécanique, aux vasopresseurs et à l’épuration extrarénale étaient associés à une mortalité accrue. En analyse multivariée, le déficit neurologique (OR = 3,84), la ventilation mécanique (OR = 3,12) et le stade 3 de l’IRA (OR = 2,45) restaient indépendamment associés au décès. Conclusion. L’IRA en réanimation au Cameroun concerne un patient sur cinq et s’accompagne d’une mortalité de près de 70 %. Seul un quart des survivants récupèrent une fonction rénale normale à la sortie. La sévérité de l’atteinte rénale et la présence de défaillances viscérales multiples sont des facteurs pronostiques majeurs.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Maimouna Mahamat, Amengle Albert L, Nzana Bandolo Victorine, Zake Gornet C, Jemea Bonaventure, Kaze Folefack François, Ze Minkande Jacqueline

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