Factors Associated with Sarcopenia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Cameroon: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study Using EWGSOP2 Criteria in Douala
Facteurs Associés à la Sarcopénie chez les Patients Atteints de Diabète de Type 2 au Cameroun : Une Étude Transversale Analytique selon les Critères EWGSOP2 à Douala
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18910557Keywords:
sarcopenia, type 2 diabetes, associated factorsAbstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Sarcopenia, the progressive loss of muscle mass and function, worsens insulin resistance and complicates glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. In sub-Saharan Africa, its prevalence and determinants remain poorly documented. This study aimed to identify factors associated with sarcopenia in type 2 diabetic patients followed in Douala. Methods. An analytical cross-sectional study included 124 consenting type 2 diabetic patients recruited from February to June 2025 in the endocrinology department of Douala Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) algorithm, combining handgrip strength measurement (dynamometer), appendicular skeletal muscle mass estimation (bioelectrical impedance), and gait speed assessment. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions identified associated factors (p<0.05). Results. Mean age was 51 ± 10 years, with female predominance (60%). Sarcopenia prevalence was 42.4% (n=53). In multivariate analysis, factors independently associated with sarcopenia were diabetes duration exceeding 15 years (adjusted OR = 5.40; 95% CI 1.11–30.3; p=0.042) and poor treatment adherence (adjusted OR = 2.72; 95% CI 1.03–7.54; p=0.048). Mean blood glucose was significantly lower in sarcopenic patients (0.97±0.31 vs 1.08±0.38 g/L; p=0.041), a paradoxical finding possibly reflecting malnutrition or advanced disease stage. Conclusion. Sarcopenia affects more than four out of ten type 2 diabetic patients in Douala. Long diabetes duration and poor treatment adherence are the main risk factors. Systematic screening for sarcopenia in at-risk diabetic patients and strengthened therapeutic education could prevent or delay this complication.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. La sarcopénie, perte progressive de masse et de fonction musculaires, aggrave l'insulinorésistance et complique l'équilibre glycémique des patients diabétiques de type 2. En Afrique subsaharienne, sa prévalence et ses déterminants restent peu documentés. Cette étude a visé à identifier les facteurs associés à la sarcopénie chez les patients diabétiques de type 2 suivis à Douala. Méthodologie. Une étude transversale analytique a inclus 124 patients diabétiques de type 2 consentants, recrutés de février à juin 2025 dans le service d'endocrinologie de l'Hôpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Douala. La sarcopénie a été diagnostiquée selon l'algorithme du European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), combinant mesure de la force de préhension (dynamomètre), estimation de la masse musculaire appendiculaire (impédancemétrie) et évaluation de la vitesse de marche. Des régressions logistiques univariées et multivariées ont identifié les facteurs associés (seuil p<0,05). Résultats. L'âge moyen était de 51 ± 10 ans, avec une prédominance féminine (60 %). La prévalence de la sarcopénie était de 42,4 % (n=53). En analyse multivariée, les facteurs indépendamment associés à la sarcopénie étaient une durée d'évolution du diabète supérieure à 15 ans (OR ajusté = 5,40 ; IC95 % 1,11–30,3 ; p=0,042) et une mauvaise observance thérapeutique (OR ajusté = 2,72 ; IC95 % 1,03–7,54 ; p=0,048). La glycémie moyenne était significativement plus basse chez les patients sarcopéniques (0,97±0,31 vs 1,08±0,38 g/L ; p=0,041), un résultat paradoxal pouvant refléter une dénutrition ou un stade avancé de la maladie. Conclusion. La sarcopénie affecte plus de quatre patients diabétiques de type 2 sur dix à Douala. Une longue durée d'évolution du diabète et une mauvaise observance thérapeutique en sont les principaux facteurs de risque. Le dépistage systématique de la sarcopénie chez les diabétiques à risque et le renforcement de l'éducation thérapeutique pourraient prévenir ou retarder cette complication.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Mbango-Ekouta Noël Désirée, Ongnessek Sandrine, Guemekane Lamou Bila Eric, Ngo Bikai Vanessa, Mboulley Alexia, Ndeme Mboussi Wilfried Steve, Choukem Simeon Pierre

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