Comparative Profile of Paediatric and Adult Cancers in a Secondary-Level Hospital in Cameroon: A 5-Year Retrospective Cohort Study at Bonassama District Hospital
Profil Comparé des Cancers Pédiatriques et Adultes dans un Hôpital de Niveau Secondaire au Cameroun : Étude de Cohorte Rétrospective de 5 Ans à l'Hôpital De District de Bonassama
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18922631Keywords:
Paediatric cancer, adult cancer, comparative study, outcomes CameroonAbstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Cancer patterns differ substantially between paediatric and adult populations, particularly in low-resource settings where diagnostic delays and treatment challenges are common. Comparative evidence at district-hospital level in sub-Saharan Africa remains limited. The aim of our study is to compare paediatrics and adults cancers managed at Bonassama district hospital in Cameroon. Patients and Methods. A retrospective comparative cohort study was conducted at Bonassama District Hospital, Douala, including all cancer patients diagnosed between January 2019 and December 2023. Patients were categorized into paediatric (0–19 years) and adult (≥20 years) groups. Results. Among 283 cancer patients, 12.7% were children and 87.3% adults. Median age was 15 years in children and 50 years in adults. Tumour mass (66,7% ; 72,1%) and pain (58,3%, 63,6%) were the most frequent presenting symptoms in both groups. Lymphoma (27.8%), nephroblastoma (11.1%) and osteosarcoma (11.1%) predominated in children, whereas breast cancer (31.9%), cervical cancer (15.0%) and lymphoma (8.9%) were most common in adults. Chemotherapy was the main treatment in children (41.7%), while adults more often received multimodal therapy (28,3%). Outcomes differed markedly: loss to follow-up predominated in children (47.2%), whereas mortality was highest in adults (46.6%). Conclusion. Paediatric and adult cancers at district-hospital level in Cameroon differ substantially in tumour spectrum and outcomes. Strengthening early diagnosis and continuity of care is essential across age groups.
RESUME
Introduction. Les profils des cancers diffèrent considérablement entre les populations pédiatriques et adultes, en particulier dans les milieux à faibles ressources où les retards de diagnostic et les difficultés de traitement sont fréquents. Les données comparatives au niveau des hôpitaux de district en Afrique subsaharienne restent limitées. L'objectif de notre étude est de comparer les cancers pédiatriques et adultes pris en charge à l'hôpital de district de Bonassama au Cameroun. Patients et méthodes. Une étude de cohorte comparative rétrospective a été menée à l'hôpital régional de Bonassama, à Douala, auprès de tous les patients atteints d'un cancer diagnostiqué entre janvier 2019 et décembre 2023. Les patients ont été répartis en deux groupes : les enfants (0-19 ans) et les adultes (≥ 20 ans). Résultats. Parmi les 283 patients atteints d'un cancer, 12,7 % étaient des enfants et 87,3 % des adultes. L'âge médian était de 15 ans chez les enfants et de 50 ans chez les adultes. La masse tumorale (66,7 % ; 72,1 %) et la douleur (58,3 %, 63,6 %) étaient les symptômes les plus fréquents dans les deux groupes. Le lymphome (27,8 %), le néphroblastome (11,1 %) et l'ostéosarcome (11,1 %) prédominaient chez les enfants, tandis que le cancer du sein (31,9 %), le cancer du col de l'utérus (15,0 %) et le lymphome (8,9 %) étaient les plus fréquents chez les adultes. La chimiothérapie était le traitement principal chez les enfants (41,7 %), tandis que les adultes recevaient plus souvent une thérapie multimodale (28,3 %). Les résultats différaient considérablement : la perte de suivi prédominait chez les enfants (47,2 %), tandis que la mortalité était la plus élevée chez les adultes (46,6 %). Conclusion. Les cancers pédiatriques et adultes au niveau des hôpitaux de district au Cameroun diffèrent considérablement en termes de spectre tumoral et de résultats. Il est essentiel de renforcer le diagnostic précoce et la continuité des soins pour tous les groupes d'âge.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Djike Puepi F Yolande, Ekani Boukar M, Tayou T Rachel, Djoukoue Roch., Wandji Yanelle, Mandeng E., Nguefack Felicitée

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