Fluid Resuscitation in Septic Shock : The Prognostic Value of Echocardiography and Right Ventricular Dysfunction
Remplissage Vasculaire au Cours du Choc Septique : Impact Pronostique de L'échocardiographie et de la Fonction Ventriculaire Droite
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18891514Keywords:
Septic Shock, Echocardiography, MortalityAbstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Fluid resuscitation is a cornerstone of septic shock management, but a one-size-fits-all approach is associated with harm. Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) is a common but often overlooked complication that significantly impacts hemodynamics and prognosis. This study aimed to characterize fluid resuscitation practices and evaluate hemodynamic outcomes using transthoracic echocardiography in septic shock patients, with a focus on the prevalence and impact of RVD in a resource-limited setting. Methodology. We conducted a 9-month, single-center, prospective observational study in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Douala General Hospital, Cameroon. We included patients aged ≥21 years with septic shock (Sepsis-3 criteria) who underwent transthoracic echocardiography within 24 hours of admission. Patients with pre-existing significant cardiac disease were excluded. RVD was defined as a Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) < 17 mm. We analyzed fluid administration, fluid balance, hemodynamic parameters, and clinical outcomes, comparing patients with and without RVD. Results. Of 75 patients screened, 53 were included. The prevalence of RVD was 56.6% (n=30). Patients with RVD received larger initial fluid volumes (1149 ± 1048 ml vs. 522 ± 984 ml; p>0.05) and had a significantly more positive cumulative fluid balance (2761 ± 500 ml vs. 1761 ± 900 ml; p<0.05). The overall hemodynamic response to fluid challenges was unsatisfactory in 88% of patients. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 77%. Mortality was catastrophically high in the RVD group at 92%, compared to 52.2% in the non-RVD group (p < 0.05). A positive fluid balance was a significant predictor of poor outcomes. Conclusion. RVD was highly prevalent in septic shock and associated with extremely high mortality. Aggressive fluid administration lead to significant fluid overload without hemodynamic benefit, contributing to poor outcomes. These findings underscore the indispensable role of early echocardiographic assessment to guide individualized, cautious fluid management and improve survival in septic shock.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. La réanimation volémique est un pilier du traitement du choc septique, mais une approche standardisée est délétère. La dysfonction ventriculaire droite (DVD), fréquente mais sous-diagnostiquée, altère profondément l’hémodynamique et le pronostic. Cette étude visait à caractériser les pratiques de remplissage vasculaire et à évaluer leurs conséquences hémodynamiques par échocardiographie chez des patients en choc septique, en déterminant la prévalence et l'impact de la DVD. Méthodologie. Nous avons mené une étude observationnelle prospective monocentrique de neuf mois au service de réanimation de l'Hôpital Général de Douala. Elle a inclus les patients ≥21 ans en choc septique (critères Sepsis-3) ayant bénéficié d'une échocardiographie transthoracique dans les 24 heures suivant l'admission. Les patients atteints de cardiopathie significative préexistante ont été exclus. La DVD a été définie par un TAPSE < 17 mm. Les paramètres de remplissage, la balance hydrique, les données hémodynamiques et la mortalité ont été comparés entre les groupes avec et sans DVD. Résultats. Sur 75 patients éligibles, 53 ont été inclus. La prévalence de la DVD était de 56,6% (n=30). Le volume de remplissage initial était plus élevé dans le groupe DVD (1149 ± 1048 ml vs 522 ± 984 ml ; p>0,05) et la balance hydrique cumulée y était significativement plus positive (2761 ± 500 ml vs 1761 ± 900 ml ; p<0,05). La réponse hémodynamique globale au remplissage était insatisfaisante chez 88% des patients. La mortalité hospitalière globale était de 77,4%. Elle était significativement plus élevée dans le groupe DVD (93,3% [28/30] vs 52,2% [12/23] ; p<0,001). Une balance hydrique positive était associée à un pronostic défavorable. Conclusion. La DVD est très fréquente au cours du choc septique en réanimation et associée à une mortalité majeure. Un remplissage agressif majore la surcharge hydrosodée sans bénéfice hémodynamique. Ces résultats plaident pour l'intégration précoce de l'échocardiographie afin de guider une stratégie de remplissage personnalisée et prudente.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ngono Ateba Glwadys, Metogo Mbengono Junette, Owono Etoundi Paul, Bilougui Adjessa Willy, Ferdinand Ndom Ntock, Mouliom Sidick, Ladé Vich, Roddy Mbengono, Olivia Evindi, Jules Anthony Mbarga, Ze Minkande Jacqueline, Henry Luma

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