Cardiovascular Risk via Nutrition Using the FIGO Checklist in Pregnant Women, North Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study
Risques Cardiovasculaires Liés à l'Alimentation chez les Femmes Enceintes, à l'Aide de la Liste de Contrôle FIGO, dans le Nord du Cameroun : Une Étude Transversale Risk via Nutrition Using the FIGO Checklist in Pregnant Women, North Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18609827Keywords:
Maternal nutrition, gestational weight gain, FIGO checklist, cardiovascular risk, food insecurity, CameroonAbstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction. In sub-Saharan Africa, food insecurity heightens cardiovascular disease risk through suboptimal diets during pregnancy. In northern Cameroon, where gestational weight gain often deviates from recommendations, we assessed nutritional practices and weight gain patterns among pregnant women to identify cardiovascular risk factors. Methods. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study from April to May 2025 among 45 pregnant women attending antenatal care at Notre-Dame des Apôtres Hospital in Garoua, northern Cameroon. Trained staff measured anthropometry (weight to 0.1 kg, height to 0.1 cm) to compute pre-pregnancy and current BMI and gestational weight gain (GWG), categorized per trimester-specific IOM guidelines. Research assistants administered the FIGO Nutrition Checklist to evaluate dietary habits over the past month, focusing on fruit/vegetable intake (<3/day) and sugary snack/drink consumption (>5 times/week) as cardiovascular risk markers. We summarized numerical data with medians and IQRs, categorical data with frequencies, and imputed missing pre-pregnancy weights (26.7%) via multiple imputation by chained equations. Results. Women had median age 25 years (IQR 22–28) and gestational age 19.3 weeks (IQR 14.9–25.9). Pre-pregnancy BMI was mostly normal (64.4%) or overweight (24.4%). Median GWG reached 2 kg (IQR 1–3); 71.1% showed inadequate GWG, 20.0% adequate, and 8.9% excessive. Key dietary risks included low fruit/vegetable intake (46.7%) and frequent sugary snacks/drinks (62.2%), while fish (86.7%) and whole grains (82.2%) intake prevailed—covering 84% of women for these two habits. Hypertension (20%) and diabetes (13.3%) affected subsets. Conclusion. Inadequate GWG afflicted most women alongside suboptimal fruit/vegetable intake and high sugary snack consumption, signaling heightened maternal cardiovascular risk in northern Cameroon. These findings urge targeted antenatal nutrition counseling to safeguard maternal and fetal health.
RESUME
Introduction. En Afrique subsaharienne, l'insécurité alimentaire accroît le risque de maladies cardiovasculaires par des régimes sous-optimaux pendant la grossesse. Dans le Nord Cameroun, où la prise de poids gestationnelle (PGG) s'écarte souvent des recommandations, nous avons évalué les pratiques nutritionnelles et les profils de PGG chez des femmes enceintes pour identifier les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire. Méthodes. Nous avons réalisé une étude descriptive transversale d'avril à mai 2025 auprès de 45 femmes enceintes consultant aux soins prénataux à l’Hôpital Notre-Dame des Apôtres de Garoua, Nord Cameroun. Des soignants formés ont mesuré l’anthropométrie (poids à 0,1 kg, taille à 0,1 cm) pour calculer l’IMC pré-gestationnel et actuel ainsi que la PGG, catégorisée selon les directives IOM adaptées au trimestre. Des assistants de recherche ont administré la FIGO Nutrition Checklist pour évaluer les habitudes alimentaires du mois écoulé, en se focalisant sur la consommation de fruits/légumes (<3/jour) et de collations/boissons sucrées (>5 fois/semaine) comme marqueurs de risque cardiovasculaire. Nous avons résumé les données numériques par médianes et IQR, catégorielles par fréquences, et imputé les poids pré-gestationnels manquants (26,7%) via imputation multiple par équations chaînées. Résultats. Les femmes avaient un âge médian de 25 ans (IQR 22–28) et un âge gestationnel médian de 19,3 semaines (IQR 14,9–25,9). L’IMC pré-gestationnel était majoritairement normal (64,4%) ou en surpoids (24,4%). La PGG médiane atteignait 2 kg (IQR 1–3) ; 71,1% présentaient une PGG inadéquate, 20,0% adéquate et 8,9% excessive. Les risques alimentaires clés incluaient une faible consommation de fruits/légumes (46,7%) et fréquente de collations/boissons sucrées (62,2%), tandis que poisson (86,7%) et grains entiers (82,2%) prédominaient—couvrant 84% des femmes pour ces deux habitudes. L’hypertension (20%) et le diabète (13,3%) touchaient des sous-groupes. Conclusion. Une PGG inadéquate a affecté la plupart des femmes, associée à une faible consommation de fruits/légumes et élevée de collations sucrées, signalant un risque cardiovasculaire maternel accru dans le Nord Cameroun. Ces résultats appellent un conseil nutritionnel prénatal ciblé pour protéger la santé maternelle et fœtale.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Siddikatou Djibrilla, Ali Abas, Ndobo Valerie, Haoua Djibril, Edgar Mandeng Ma Linwa, Alexia Mboulley, Kamdem Felicité, Ba Hamadou

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