Factors Associated with Coagulation Abnormalities in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Cameroon: A Cross‑Sectional Study in Two Douala Hospitals
Prévalence et Facteurs Associés aux Anomalies de la Coagulation chez les Patients Diabétiques de Type 2 au Cameroun : Une Étude Transversale dans Deux Hôpitaux de Douala
Keywords:
Hemostatic disorders, type 2 diabetes, associated factorsAbstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Les anomalies hémostatiques sont fréquentes dans le diabète de type 2 et contribuent au risque cardiovasculaire, mais leur prévalence et leurs facteurs associés sont mal connus au Cameroun. Cette étude a identifié les facteurs associés aux troubles de l’hémostase chez les patients diabétiques de type 2 suivis à Douala. Méthodes. Une étude transversale analytique a inclus, de février à juin 2025, 120 patients diabétiques de type 2 consentants, sans pathologie intercurrente ni traitement anticoagulant. L’hémogramme, le temps de prothrombine (TP), le temps de céphaline activée (TCA) et le fibrinogène ont été mesurés. Une régression logistique a recherché les facteurs associés aux anomalies (seuil p < 0,05). Résultats. L’âge moyen était de 58 ± 11 ans (59 % de femmes). La prévalence globale des troubles de l’hémostase atteignait 54,2 %. Les anomalies les plus fréquentes étaient : thrombopénie légère (26 %), thrombopénie sévère (9,2 %), allongement du TCA (16 %), TP bas (12 %) et hyperfibrinogénémie (42 %). En analyse multivariée, la thrombopénie était associée au sexe masculin (OR = 2,5 ; IC95 % : 1,1–5,6 ; p = 0,002), et l’hyperfibrinogénémie à un taux d’hémoglobine glyquée > 7 % (OR = 4,9 ; IC95 % : 1,8–13,5 ; p = 0,002). Conclusion. Plus d’un patient diabétique de type 2 sur deux présente des anomalies de l’hémostase à Douala. Le sexe masculin et un mauvais contrôle glycémique sont les principaux facteurs associés, respectivement à la thrombopénie et à l’hyperfibrinogénémie.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Hemostatic abnormalities are common in type 2 diabetes and contribute to cardiovascular risk, but their prevalence and associated factors are poorly known in Cameroon. This study identified factors associated with hemostatic disorders in type 2 diabetic patients followed in Douala. Methods. A cross‑sectional analytical study included, from February to June 2025, 120 consenting type 2 diabetic patients without intercurrent illness or anticoagulant treatment. Complete blood count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and fibrinogen were measured. Logistic regression identified factors associated with abnormalities (p < 0.05). Results. Mean age was 58 ± 11 years (59% female). The overall prevalence of hemostatic disorders reached 54.2%. The most frequent abnormalities were: mild thrombocytopenia (26%), severe thrombocytopenia (9.2%), prolonged aPTT (16%), low PT (12%), and hyperfibrinogenemia (42%). In multivariate analysis, thrombocytopenia was associated with male sex (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1–5.6; p = 0.002), and hyperfibrinogenemia with glycated hemoglobin > 7% (OR = 4.9; 95% CI: 1.8–13.5; p = 0.002). Conclusion. More than one in two type 2 diabetic patients in Douala has hemostatic abnormalities. Male sex and poor glycemic control are the main associated factors, respectively for thrombocytopenia and hyperfibrinogenemia.
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