Childhood Exposure to Pesticide Residues in Africa: A Systematic Data Synthesis
Exposition Infantile aux Résidus de Pesticides en Afrique : Une Synthèse Systématique des Données
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17631565Keywords:
Pesticides, Child exposure, Health riks, African dataAbstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction. The use of pesticides in agriculture raises increasing concerns about their impacts on human health, particularly among vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and children. Prenatal and early-life exposure to pesticide residues can adversely affect development, leading to congenital malformations, growth retardation, and neurological disorders, with consequences that may persist into later life. This study aims to assess African data on the health risks to children associated with such exposure, thereby providing a valuable comparative perspective. Methodology. To achieve this, an extensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, using keywords such as “child,” “pesticides,” “health risks,” and “Africa”. The search identified 1,511 articles, of which 25 were selected for detailed analysis. These included a variety of analytical, cohort, cross-sectional, and longitudinal studies from nine African countries. Results. The findings indicate that pesticide exposure is associated with respiratory disorders, infections, neurological impairments, and carcinogenic risks, highlighting major public health concerns. Exposure was assessed through questionnaires as well as measurements in food, environmental, and biological matrices. The selected studies consistently point to significant health risks linked to pesticide exposure, including respiratory problems, neurological disorders, developmental disturbances, and an increased risk of chronic diseases, including certain cancers. Conclusion. This review underscores the urgent need to evaluate and regulate pesticide use, while promoting sustainable agricultural practices to safeguard the health of children and pregnant women. Raising public awareness about the dangers of these chemical substances and strengthening research capacity in Africa are crucial steps, especially given the scarcity of regional data on this issue.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L'utilisation des pesticides en agriculture soulève des préoccupations croissantes quant à leurs impacts sur la santé humaine, en particulier au sein des populations vulnérables comme les femmes enceintes et les enfants. L'étude vise à évaluer les risques pour la santé des enfants (malformations, troubles neurologiques) associés à l'exposition précoce aux résidus de pesticides en analysant les données disponibles en Afrique. Méthodologie. Pour ce faire, une recherche documentaire approfondie a été menée dans les bases de données PubMed et Science Direct, en utilisant des mots-clés tels que « enfant », « pesticides », « risques pour la santé » et « Afrique ». La recherche a identifié 1 511 articles, dont 25 ont été sélectionnés pour une analyse détaillée. Ceux-ci comprenaient une variété d'études analytiques, de cohorte, transversales et longitudinales provenant de neuf pays africains. Résultats. Les conclusions indiquent que l'exposition aux pesticides est associée à des troubles respiratoires, des infections, des déficiences neurologiques et des risques cancérigènes, soulignant des préoccupations majeures de santé publique. L'exposition a été évaluée par le biais de questionnaires ainsi que de mesures dans les matrices alimentaires, environnementales et biologiques. Les études sélectionnées signalent de manière cohérente des risques sanitaires importants liés à l'exposition aux pesticides, notamment des problèmes respiratoires, des troubles neurologiques, des perturbations du développement et un risque accru de maladies chroniques, dont certains cancers. Conclusion. Il est urgent d'évaluer et de réglementer l'usage des pesticides en Afrique, de promouvoir l'agriculture durable et de renforcer la recherche/sensibilisation afin de protéger la santé des enfants et des femmes enceintes face à la rareté des données régionales.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Sarr Aminata, Faomowé Foko Robert, Lam Absa, Awa Ndong, Ajami Mayane, Peleka Mbemba Jessica Carmelia, Mahouekpo Osiris Mathilda, Bah Fatoumatah, Diop Cheikh, Fall Mamadou, Touré Aminata, Cabral Mathilde
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