Interest of Thrombolysis and Thrombectomy in Minor Strokes with Arterial Occlusion: A Case Series from Libreville

Intérêt de la Thrombolyse et de la Thrombectomie dans les AVC Mineurs avec Occlusion Artérielle : Une Série de Cas de Libreville

Authors

  • Mboumba Mboumba CF 1- Service de Neurologie du CHU de Libreville
  • Diouf Mbourou N 1- Service de Neurologie du CHU de Libreville
  • Nsounda A 1- Service de Neurologie du CHU de Libreville
  • Gnigone P 1- Service de Neurologie du CHU de Libreville
  • Nyangui Mapaga J 1- Service de Neurologie du CHU de Libreville
  • Mambila Matsalou GA 1- Service de Neurologie du CHU de Libreville
  • Ndao Eteno M 1- Service de Neurologie du CHU de Libreville
  • Guarisco Samba M 1- Service de Neurologie du CHU de Libreville
  • Ondimba Bassadila K 1- Service de Neurologie du CHU de Libreville
  • Mialoundama C 1- Service de Neurologie du CHU de Libreville
  • Saphou-Damon MA 1- Service de Neurologie du CHU de Libreville
  • Camara I 1- Service de Neurologie du CHU de Libreville
  • Kouna Ndouongo Ph 1- Service de Neurologie du CHU de Libreville

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17630447

Keywords:

Thrombolysis, thrombectomy, minor stroke, NIHSS, Libreville

Abstract

RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Environ 30 % des patients présentant un accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) initialement non invalidant connaissent une évolution défavorable, créant un dilemme concernant la reperfusion. La thrombolyse intraveineuse et la thrombectomie mécanique restent controversées pour ces AVC mineurs en raison d’un rapport bénéfice-risque indéterminé. Nous décrivons ici l’évolution de trois patients pris en charge pour un AVC mineur au Gabon, illustrant ce défi thérapeutique. Méthodes. Nous rapportons une série de cas observationnelle de trois patients consécutifs admis à l’Unité Neurovasculaire du CHU de Libreville entre janvier 2024 et juin 2025. Ces patients présentaient un déficit neurologique mineur ou régressif (score NIHSS ≤ 6) associé à une occlusion artérielle objective à l’imagerie. Résultats. Les trois patients, âgés de 63 à 84 ans, avaient un NIHSS initial entre 0 et 6. L’imagerie par résonance magnétique cérébrale a mis en évidence un mismatch diffusion-perfusion important chez la première patiente et des occlusions du segment M2 de l’artère cérébrale moyenne chez tous. Aucun n’a reçu de thrombolyse intraveineuse, et la thrombectomie n’était pas disponible. Sous traitement médical seul, l’évolution clinique fut globalement favorable à court terme. Cependant, un patient a présenté une extension de la lésion ischémique sur l’imagerie de contrôle, sans aggravation clinique correspondante. Conclusion. Cette série de cas souligne la discordance potentielle entre une présentation clinique rassurante et un substrat physiopathologique à haut risque chez les patients gabonais. L’extension lésionnelle silencieuse observée chez un patient renforce l’hypothèse d’un bénéfice potentiel de la reperfusion. Nos observations plaident pour une évaluation plus systématique du mismatch et un accès élargi à la thrombectomie en Afrique centrale, afin de mieux définir les candidats à un traitement agressif pour ces AVC dits mineurs.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Approximately 30% of patients with initially non-disabling strokes experience unfavorable outcomes, creating a therapeutic dilemma regarding reperfusion. Intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy remain controversial for these minor strokes due to an uncertain risk-benefit ratio. We describe the outcomes of three patients managed for minor stroke in Gabon, highlighting this clinical challenge. Methods. We present an observational case series of three consecutive patients admitted to the Neurovascular Unit of the Libreville University Hospital between January 2024 and June 2025. These patients presented with minor or regressing neurological deficits (NIHSS score ≤ 6) associated with a confirmed arterial occlusion on neuroimaging. Results. The three patients, aged 63 to 84, had an initial NIHSS between 0 and 6. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a significant diffusion-perfusion mismatch in the first patient and occlusions of the M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery in all cases. None received intravenous thrombolysis, and thrombectomy was unavailable. Under medical management alone, the short-term clinical outcome was globally favorable. However, one patient exhibited an extension of the ischemic lesion on follow-up imaging without a corresponding clinical worsening. Conclusion. This case series underscores the potential disconnect between a reassuring clinical presentation and a high-risk pathophysiological substrate in Gabonese patients. The silent lesion extension observed in one patient supports the hypothesis of a potential benefit from reperfusion. Our observations argue for a more systematic evaluation of mismatch and improved access to thrombectomy in Central Africa to better identify candidates for aggressive therapy in these so-called minor strokes.

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Published

11/25/2025

How to Cite

Mboumba Mboumba CF, Diouf Mbourou N, Nsounda A, Gnigone P, Nyangui Mapaga J, Mambila Matsalou GA, … Kouna Ndouongo Ph. (2025). Interest of Thrombolysis and Thrombectomy in Minor Strokes with Arterial Occlusion: A Case Series from Libreville: Intérêt de la Thrombolyse et de la Thrombectomie dans les AVC Mineurs avec Occlusion Artérielle : Une Série de Cas de Libreville . HEALTH RESEARCH IN AFRICA, 3(12). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17630447

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