Prevalence and Determinants of Post-Cardiac Surgery Wound Infection in Yaounde, Cameroon: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Prévalence et Déterminants d’Infection de Plaie Post Chirurgie Cardiaque à Yaoundé, Cameroun : Une Étude Rétrospective de Cohorte
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17630397Keywords:
Surgical wound, infection, cardiac surgery, risk factors, CameroonAbstract
RESUME
Introduction. Les infections de plaie, complication redoutable de la chirurgie cardiaque, augmentent la morbi-mortalité avec une incidence de 1–5 %. Dans notre contexte à ressources limitées, l’accès aux mesures préventives et aux outils diagnostiques est restreint. Cette étude vise à estimer la prévalence et à identifier les déterminants des infections de plaie après chirurgie cardiaque à l’Hôpital Général de Yaoundé. Patients et Méthodes. Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective menée de septembre 2022 à juillet 2025 à l’Hôpital Général de Yaoundé, incluant les patients opérés chirurgie cardiaque. L’issue principale était l’infection de plaie opératoire. La prévalence et son IC95 % ont été estimés par la méthode de Wilson. Les déterminants indépendants ont été identifiés par régression logistique. Le seuil de significativité était fixé à p < 0,05. Résultats. Au total, 198 patients ont été inclus, d’âge médian 8 ans (IQR 2–25,8), avec un sex-ratio de 0,92. La prévalence des infections de plaie était de 9,1 % (IC95 % : 5,8–13,9). À l’analyse bivariée, le type d’abord chirurgical était significativement associé à l’infection (p=0,045), avec une incidence plus élevée après ministernotomie (40%) qu’après sternotomie médiane (7,7 %) ou thoracotomie (10,5 %). L’âge, le sexe, les comorbidités et les durées des paramètres opératoires et postopératoires n’étaient pas associées à la survenue d’infection. En analyse multivariée, aucun facteur indépendant significatif n’a été identifié, bien qu’une tendance protectrice de la sternotomie médiane par rapport à la ministernotomie ait été observée (OR = 0,15 ; IC95 % 0,02–1,05 ; p=0,055). Conclusion. L’infection de plaie post-chirurgie cardiaque demeure fréquente dans notre contexte. Aucun déterminant indépendant n’a été identifié, mais l’abord chirurgical pourrait influencer le risque.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Wound infections, a serious complication of cardiac surgery, increase morbidity and mortality with an incidence of 1–5%. In our resource-limited setting, access to preventive measures and diagnostic tools is limited. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and identify the determinants of wound infections after cardiac surgery at Yaoundé General Hospital. Patients and Methods. This was a retrospective study conducted from September 2022 to July 2025 at Yaoundé General Hospital, including patients who underwent cardiac surgery. The primary outcome was surgical wound infection. Prevalence and its 95% CI were estimated using the Wilson method. Independent determinants were identified using logistic regression. The significance threshold was set at p < 0.05. Results. A total of 198 patients were included, with a median age of 8 years (IQR 2–25.8) and a sex ratio of 0.92. The prevalence of wound infections was 9.1% (95% CI: 5.8–13.9). In the bivariate analysis, the type of surgical approach was significantly associated with infection (p=0.045), with a higher incidence after ministernotomy (40%) than after median sternotomy (7.7%) or thoracotomy (10.5%). Age, sex, comorbidities, and duration of operative and postoperative parameters were not associated with the occurrence of infection. In multivariate analysis, no significant independent factors were identified, although a protective trend was observed for median sternotomy compared with ministernotomy (OR = 0.15; 95% CI 0.02–1.05; p=0.055). Conclusion. Post-cardiac surgery wound infection remains common in our setting. No independent determinants were identified, but the surgical approach may influence the risk.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Ngo Yon Laurence Carole, Mve Mvondo Charles, Tsague Kengni Hermann Nestor, Kobe Zéphanie Fokalbo, Lowe Kuissu Sépolin, Ela Bella Amos, Arroye Betou Fabrice Stéphane, Dakleu Datchoua Mireille, Ngo Nonga Bernadette, Menanga Alain Patrick
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