Oxidant and Antioxidant Profiles in Severe Childhood Wasting in the City of Yaounde (Cameroon)
Profils des Marqueurs Oxydants et Antioxydants au Cours de l'Émaciation Sévère Infantile dans la Ville de Yaoundé (Cameroun)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v3i9.6991Keywords:
Severe wasting, Oxidative stress, Malondialdehyde, Antioxidants, Child, Cameroon, Sub-Saharan Africa, KwashiorkorAbstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L'émaciation sévère, forme critique de malnutrition infantile, reste endémique au Cameroun. Son mécanisme implique un stress oxydatif suspecté mais mal caractérisé en Afrique subsaharienne. Cette étude visait à comparer le statut redox d'enfants émaciés et de témoins appariés à Yaoundé. Méthodologie. Une étude cas-témoins a été menée en 2023 incluant 68 enfants de 6 à 59 mois (34 cas d'émaciation sévère, 34 témoins). Le statut oxydatif a été évalué par dosage du malondialdéhyde (MDA), de la catalase, du glutathion et de la capacité antioxydante totale. Résultats. Le marasme prédominait (56,8%), suivi du kwashiorkor (24,3%). Un stress oxydatif significatif a été observé chez les cas versus témoins : MDA accru (0,47 vs 0,21 µmol/L dans le kwashiorkor) et antioxydants diminués - catalase (11,36 vs 24,80 U/mL), glutathion (0,97 vs 2,15 µmol/L) et capacité antioxydante totale (87,91 vs 132,45 mM). Le déséquilibre était maximal dans le kwashiorkor. Conclusion. Cette étude démontre un stress oxydatif majeur chez l'enfant émacié camerounais, associant surproduction radicalaire et effondrement des défenses. Ces résultats militent pour l'intégration d'une supplémentation antioxydante dans la prise en charge nutritionnelle standard.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Severe wasting remains endemic in Cameroon. Its mechanism involves oxidative stress suspected but poorly characterized in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to compare redox status between wasted children and matched controls in Yaoundé. Methodology. A 2023 case-control study included 68 children aged 6-59 months (34 severe wasting cases, 34 controls). Oxidative status was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, glutathione, and total antioxidant capacity. Results. Marasmus predominated (56.8%), followed by kwashiorkor (24.3%). Significant oxidative stress was observed in cases versus controls: increased MDA (0.47 vs 0.21 µmol/L in kwashiorkor) and decreased antioxidants - catalase (11.36 vs 24.80 U/mL), glutathione (0.97 vs 2.15 µmol/L) and total antioxidant capacity (87.91 vs 132.45 mM). The imbalance was maximal in kwashiorkor. Conclusion. This study demonstrates major oxidative stress in Cameroonian wasted children, combining radical overproduction and collapsed defenses. These findings advocate for integrating antioxidant supplementation into standard nutritional management.
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