Epidemiology and Clinical-Radiographic Profile of Knee Osteoarthritis in Northern Burkina
Épidémiologie et Profil Clinico-Radiologique de la Gonarthrose dans le Nord du Burkina Faso
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v3i9.6965Keywords:
Knee osteoarthritis, Epidemiology, Ouahigouya, Sub-Saharan AfricaAbstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. La gonarthrose représente un fardeau sanitaire majeur en Afrique subsaharienne, bien que les données épidémiologiques locales fassent défaut dans des régions comme Ouahigouya, au nord du Burkina Faso. Cette étude visait à déterminer la prévalence et à caractériser le profil diagnostique des patients atteints de gonarthrose consultant en rhumatologie au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional (CHUR) de Ouahigouya. Méthodologie. Nous avons mené une étude transversale descriptive, recueillant rétrospectivement les données des dossiers de tous les patients vus en consultation de rhumatologie entre le 1er avril 2020 et le 31 mars 2021. L'inclusion était basée sur les critères diagnostiques de l'American College of Rheumatology (ACR) pour la gonarthrose. Résultats. Sur 286 patients consultant pour des affections rhumatologiques, 109 (38,1%) répondaient aux critères de gonarthrose. L'échantillon comprenait 78 femmes (71,6%) et 31 hommes (28,4%), avec un âge moyen de 53,2 ± 12,1 ans (extrêmes : 35-80 ans). La douleur était le motif universel de consultation. La gonarthrose était bilatérale dans 57,8% des cas (n=63) et unilatérale dans 42,2% (n=46). La durée moyenne d'évolution était de 35,2 ± 4,3 mois (extrêmes : 2-480 mois). Les principaux facteurs associés étaient le sexe féminin (71,6%), l'obésité (47,7%, n=52) et la ménopause (84,6% des femmes, n=66). Radiologiquement, 50,5% (n=55) présentaient une atteinte tricompartimentale et 31,2% (n=34) bicompartimentale. Les stades 3 et 4 de Kellgren-Lawrence prédominaient (70,6%, n=77). Conclusion. La gonarthrose constitue une pathologie rhumatologique fréquente à Ouahigouya, touchant principalement les femmes ménopausées et obèses. Elle se présente typiquement sous une forme bilatérale, d'évolution chronique, avec des lésions radiologiques modérées à sévères dès le diagnostic. Ces résultats soulignent l'importance de renforcer les stratégies de prévention, notamment la lutte contre l'obésité, et d'améliorer l'accès aux soins précoces pour cette affection handicapante.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a major health burden in sub-Saharan Africa, though local epidemiological data are scarce in regions like Ouahigouya, northern Burkina Faso. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characterize the diagnostic profile of patients with knee OA attending the rheumatology clinic at the Ouahigouya Regional University Hospital Center (CHUR). Methodology. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study, retrospectively reviewing records of all patients seen in the rheumatology clinic between April 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021. Inclusion was based on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) diagnostic criteria for knee OA. Results. Among 286 patients consulting for rheumatic conditions, 109 (38.1%) met the criteria for knee OA. The sample comprised 78 women (71.6%) and 31 men (28.4%), with a mean age of 53.2 ± 12.1 years (range: 35-80). Pain was the universal reason for consultation. Knee OA was bilateral in 57.8% (n=63) and unilateral in 42.2% (n=46). The mean disease duration was 35.2 ± 4.3 months (range: 2-480). Key associated factors were female sex (71.6%), obesity (47.7%, n=52), and menopause (84.6% of women, n=66). Radiographically, 50.5% (n=55) had tricompartmental involvement and 31.2% (n=34) bicompartmental involvement. Kellgren-Lawrence grades 3 and 4 predominated (70.6%, n=77). Conclusion. Knee OA is a highly prevalent rheumatic condition in Ouahigouya, primarily affecting women, often postmenopausal and obese. It typically presents bilaterally, with chronic progression, and moderate to severe radiographic damage at diagnosis. These findings highlight the critical need to strengthen prevention strategies, particularly obesity control, and improve access to early care for this disabling condition in this setting.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Sompougdou C, Kenagnon DAS, Nikièma PI, Ouangré A, Kaboré F, Zabsonré Tiendrebeogo JWS, Ouédraogo DD

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