Prevalence and Factors Associated With Peripheral Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in the North West Region of Cameroon
Prévalence et Facteurs Associés à l’Artériopathie Oblitérante des Membres Inférieurs Chez les Patients Diabétiques dans la Région du Nord-Ouest du Cameroun
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v3i7.6820Keywords:
Peripheral artery disease, diabetes mellitus, prevalence, ankle-brachial index, Regional Hospital BamendaAbstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction. There is a paucity of data on the burden of PAD in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in certain settings of Cameroon. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated factors of PAD in T2DM patients followed at the Bamenda Regional Hospital in the North West Region of Cameroon. Methodology. This was a cross-sectional study carried out at the hypertension and diabetes outpatient clinic of the Bamenda Regional Hospital. One hundred and two consenting T2DM patients were enrolled in the study. For each participant, an interview and consultation of their medical records were carried out to obtain their socio-demographic data and comorbidities. Physical examination including the ankle-brachial index (ABI) was performed to diagnose PAD, defined as ABI < 0.9. Data analysis was done using IBM-SPSS version 26.0. Results. We screened 102 subjects with a mean age of 56.2±12.6 years and 33 (32.4%) were males. The prevalence of PAD was 20.6% (n=21) with 76.2% (n=16) mild PAD, and 23.8% (n=5) moderate form of the disease, according to the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association classification. Age “≥ 75 years” (OR: 7.7[95% CI: 1.94-30.63]; P = 0.001) and history of hypertension (OR: 3.28[95% CI: 1.09-9.80], P = 0.03) were the only factors associated with PAD in our study population. Conclusion. The prevalence of PAD is high among patients with T2DM followed at the Bamenda Regional Hospital. Hence, we recommend regular screening for this disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in our setting.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Il existe peu de données sur le fardeau de l’artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs (AOMI) chez les patients atteints de diabète de type 2 (DT2) dans certaines régions du Cameroun. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la prévalence et les facteurs associés à l’AOMI chez les patients atteints de DT2 suivis à l'hôpital régional de Bamenda dans la Région du Nord-Ouest du Cameroun. Méthodologie. Nous avons mené une étude transversale chez les patients venus en consultation externe au service d'hypertension et de diabète de l'hôpital régional de Bamenda. Cent deux (102) patients DT2 consentants ont été inclus dans l'étude. Pour chaque participant, un entretien et une consultation de leur dossier médical ont été effectués pour le recueil de leurs données sociodémographiques et les comorbidités. Un examen physique comprenant la mesure de l'indice de pression systolique (IPS) a été effectué pour le diagnostic de l’AOMI, définie par un IPS < 0,9. L'analyse statistique a été effectuée à l'aide du logiciel SPSS 26.0. Résultats. L’âge moyen des participants de cette étude était de 56,2±12,6 ans et 33 (32,4%) étaient de sexe masculin. La prévalence de l’AOMI était de 20,6 % (n = 21) avec 76,2 % (n = 16) d’AOMI légère et 23,8 % (n = 5) de forme modérée de la maladie, selon la classification du collège Américain de Cardiologie et de «American Heart Association ». L'âge "≥ 75 ans" (OR : 7,7 [IC à 95% : 1,94-30,63] ; P = 0,001) et les antécédents d'hypertension (OR : 3,28 [IC à 95% : 1,09-9,80], P = 0,03) étaient les seuls facteurs associés à l’AOMI dans notre population d'étude. Conclusion. La prévalence de l’AOMI est élevée chez les patients atteints de DT2 suivis à l'hôpital régional de Bamenda. Par conséquent, nous recommandons un dépistage régulier de cette maladie chez les patients atteints de diabète de type 2.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Ongmeb Boli Anne, Yemlu Napoleon Ngafi, Koeke Manyim Florence, Feutseu Charly, Ndi Manga Arnaud, Jingi Ahmadou, Laah Njoyo Sylvain, Ashuntantang Gloria Enow

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