Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids in Maternity Care: Risk Factors and Preventive Strategies at HEAL Africa Hospital, DRC

Exposition Professionnelle au Sang et aux Liquides Biologiques en Maternité : Facteurs de Risque et Stratégies Préventives à l’Hôpital HEAL Africa, RDC

Authors

  • Mashako Many 1. Higher Institute for Medical Technics of Goma in DR- Congo
  • Hangi Nadia 1. Higher Institute for Medical Technics of Goma in DR- Congo
  • Mashako Yvès 2. Infectious Diseases and Public Health Officer, United Nations Mission in South Soudan and National Institute of Biomedical Research in DR- Congo
  • Kanyange Sylvie 1. Higher Institute for Medical Technics of Goma in DR- Congo
  • Kizungu Fabien 1. Higher Institute for Medical Technics of Goma in DR- Congo
  • Ngendahimana Jovial 1. Higher Institute for Medical Technics of Goma in DR- Congo
  • Kwitonda Chérif 1. Higher Institute for Medical Technics of Goma in DR- Congo
  • Hitimana Emmanuel 1. Higher Institute for Medical Technics of Goma in DR- Congo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v3i6.6735

Keywords:

Body Fluid exposure, risk factors, accident management, Health care workers

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Introduction. Accidental exposure to blood and body fluids is a major occupational hazard for healthcare workers, particularly in obstetric settings. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic profile, case management, and risk factors associated with these exposures among maternity staff at HEAL Africa Hospital. Methods. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from January 1 to June 30, 2024, involving 18 healthcare workers (nurses and midwives) in the maternity ward. Data were collected using KoBoToolbox and analyzed with Epi-info 7.0 and SPSS 21. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to identify risk factors. Results. Among 18 participants, 11 (61.1%) reported at least one accidental exposure. Risk factors included professional seniority <3 years (OR = 10.5; 95% CI: 0.91–121.39), limited knowledge of infection prevention (OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 0.4–22.71), lack of training on standard precautions (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 0.27–14.78), unsafe delivery practices (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 0.34–16.16), non-use of PPE (OR = 6.0; 95% CI: 0.7–51.10), and absence of hepatitis B vaccination (OR = 7.5; 95% CI: 0.59–95.3). None of these associations were statistically significant, likely due to the small sample size. Conclusion. The high prevalence of accidental exposures highlights critical gaps in workplace safety. Urgent actions include practical training programs, mandatory hepatitis B vaccination, and implementation of incident reporting systems.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Les expositions accidentelles au sang et aux liquides biologiques constituent un risque professionnel majeur pour les soignants, particulièrement en milieu obstétrical. Cette étude visait à décrire le profil sociodémographique, la prise en charge des cas et les facteurs de risque associés à ces expositions chez le personnel de la maternité de l’hôpital HEAL Africa. Méthodes. Une étude transversale analytique a été menée du 1ᵉʳ janvier au 30 juin 2024 auprès de 18 professionnels de santé (infirmiers et sages-femmes) exerçant en maternité. Les données ont été collectées via KoBoToolbox et analysées avec Epi-info 7.0 et SPSS 21. Les odds ratios (OR) avec intervalles de confiance à 95 % (IC95%) ont été calculés pour identifier les facteurs de risque. Résultats. Sur les 18 participants, 11 (61,1 %) ont signalé au moins une exposition accidentelle. Les facteurs de risque incluaient une ancienneté inférieure à 3 ans (OR = 10,5 ; IC95% : 0,91–121,39), des connaissances insuffisantes en prévention des infections (OR = 3,0 ; IC95% : 0,4–22,71), l’absence de formation sur les précautions standards (OR = 2,0 ; IC95% : 0,27–14,78), des pratiques obstétricales à risque (OR = 2,33 ; IC95% : 0,34–16,16), le non-port des équipements de protection (OR = 6,0 ; IC95% : 0,7–51,10) et l’absence de vaccination contre l’hépatite B (OR = 7,5 ; IC95% : 0,59–95,3). Aucune de ces associations n’était statistiquement significative, probablement en raison de la petite taille de l’échantillon. Conclusion. La prévalence élevée des expositions accidentelles reflète des lacunes critiques en matière de sécurité au travail. Des actions urgentes sont requises : renforcement des formations pratiques, vaccination systématique contre l’hépatite B, et mise en place d’un système de déclaration obligatoire.

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Published

05/26/2025

How to Cite

Mashako Many, Hangi Nadia, Mashako Yvès, Kanyange Sylvie, Kizungu Fabien, Ngendahimana Jovial, … Hitimana Emmanuel. (2025). Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids in Maternity Care: Risk Factors and Preventive Strategies at HEAL Africa Hospital, DRC: Exposition Professionnelle au Sang et aux Liquides Biologiques en Maternité : Facteurs de Risque et Stratégies Préventives à l’Hôpital HEAL Africa, RDC. HEALTH RESEARCH IN AFRICA, 3(6). https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v3i6.6735

Issue

Section

Infectiology - Microbiology

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